避免裂痕呈现的对策
Countermeasures to avoid cracks
避免GRC构件裂痕的对策包括：
Measures to avoid cracks in GRC members include:
（1）必需运用耐碱玻纤。
(1) Alkali resistant fiberglass must be used.
（2）选用低收缩率水泥。
(2) Choose low shrinkage cement.
（3）在保证GRC强度等力学性能的前提下，选用强度等级低的水泥。
(3) On the premise of ensuring mechanical properties such as GRC strength, cement with low strength grade shall be selected.
（4）制止运用过时或受潮水泥。
(4) Do not use outdated or damp cement.
（5）运用低碱水泥时，为避免碳化，宜涂刷外表防护剂。
(5) When using low alkali cement, in order to avoid carbonization, it is advisable to brush the surface protective agent.
（6）小于0.15mm的细骨料不超越10%。
(6) Fine aggregate less than 0.15mm shall not exceed 10%.
（7）谨慎运用轻质、软质、弹性模量低和吸水率高的骨料。
(7) Use lightweight, soft, low modulus of elasticity and high water absorption aggregates with caution.
（8）含泥量大的骨料清洗后运用。
(8) The aggregate with large mud content shall be used after cleaning.
（9）减水剂运用应适量，应谨慎运用早强剂。
(9) The application of water reducing agent should be appropriate and early strength agent should be used carefully.
（10）运用人工砂需控制石粉含量。
(10) The content of stone powder should be controlled when using artificial sand.
（11）掺加聚合物。
(11) Blending polymer.
（12）在保证强度的前提下，减少水泥用量（或增加砂子用量），灰砂比以1∶1为宜。
(12) On the premise of ensuring the strength, it is better to reduce the cement dosage (or increase the sand dosage), and the ratio of lime to sand is 1:1.
13）水灰比宜控制在0.3～0.4之间。
13) The water cement ratio should be controlled between 0.3 and 0.4.
（14）玻纤含量契合标准请求。
(14) The glass fiber content meets the standard requirements.
（15）颜料掺量不宜超越6%。
(15) The content of pigment should not exceed 6%.
（16）构件设计和制造防止断面厚度突变。
(16) The design and manufacture of components shall prevent sudden change of section thickness.
（17）衔接龙骨与GRC板的锚杆防止刚渡过大，或太粗、或太短。
(17) The anchor rod connecting the keel and GRC Plate shall not be too large, too thick or too short.
（18）转角和大折边构件，两个方向的锚杆应防止构成刚性约束。
(18) For corner members and large flanged members, anchor bolts in both directions shall be prevented from forming rigid constraints.
（19）在同一受力方向上只布置1个刚性锚杆，其他都是柔性锚杆。
(19) Only one rigid bolt is arranged in the same stress direction, the others are all flexible bolts.
（20）GRC墙板的重力锚杆应为下托式，以防止GRC板受拉。
(20) Gravity anchors for GRC wall panels shall be of the down support type to prevent tension on the GRC panels.
（21）外表质感层的干缩率不大于基层GRC的干缩率。
(21) the dry shrinkage of the surface texture layer shall not be greater than that of GRC.
（22）横向构件顶板设置排水坡度设计，避免积水积冰。
(22) the drainage slope design shall be set for the top plate of transverse members to avoid water accumulation and ice accumulation.
（23）装置结点应当有3个方向的误差调整空间，防止装置时“强拧”或焊接。
(23) the device node shall have error adjustment space in three directions to prevent "forced tightening" or welding during the device.
（24）一个构件的装置结点应设计成1个固定结点和3个活动结点的组合。
(24) the device node of a component shall be designed as a combination of one fixed node and three active nodes.
（25）无龙骨GRC构件装置结点应下托上拉。
(25) the nodes of the non keel GRC component device shall be supported and pulled up.
（26）装置结点设计应保证上部柱子重量不由下部柱子承当。
(26) the node design of the device shall ensure that the weight of the upper column is not borne by the lower column.
（27）装置结点应当用螺栓、衔接板衔接，不直接焊接在主体构造上。
(27) the joints of the device shall be connected by bolts and connecting plates, not directly welded on the main structure.
（28）大型构件须停模设计，防模时呈现早期裂痕。
(28) the demoulding design of large members shall be stopped to prevent early cracks during demoulding.
（29）吊点与吊具设计应防止装卸、吊装过程构件被拉裂。
(29) the design of lifting points and lifting appliances shall prevent the components from being pulled apart during loading, unloading and hoisting.
（30）GRC背附龙骨须保证刚度。
(30) the back keel of GRC shall be rigid.
（31）GRC浆料须充沛足时搅拌。严禁浆料初凝后再加水稀释。
(31) the GRC slurry shall be stirred when it is sufficient. It is strictly prohibited to add water to dilute the slurry after initial setting.
（32）严禁外表质感层初凝后才铺设GRC基层料。
(32) it is strictly prohibited to lay GRC base material after the initial setting of surface texture layer.
（33）控制厚度平均。
(33) average control thickness.
（34）防止玻纤含量缺乏或超越极限含量。
(34) prevent the glass fiber content from lacking or exceeding the limit content.
（35）GRC浆料应分层滚压密实。特别是边角部位、预埋件部位和锚杆锚固盘部位。（36）折边大、立边高的构件，制造时防止滑料和初凝后扰动。
(35) GRC slurry shall be rolled and compacted in layers. Especially the corner part, embedded part part and anchor plate part. (36) for members with large folded edge and high vertical edge, the sliding material and disturbance after initial setting shall be prevented during manufacturing.
（37）未到达脱模强度不得脱模，脱模时防止碰撞构件。
(37) demoulding is not allowed until the strength of demoulding is reached. During demoulding, components shall not be collided.
（38）确颐养护温度、湿度与时间，掺加聚合物不能完整取代养护。
(38) the temperature, humidity and time of curing can not be completely replaced by polymer.
（39）蒸汽养护时，养护温度不宜超越 50℃。
(39) during steam curing, the curing temperature should not exceed 50 ℃.
（40）养护后的构件防止急剧枯燥。
(40) the components after maintenance shall be prevented from sharp dryness.
（41）工地现场对构件停止有效维护。
(41) stop effective maintenance of components on site.
（42）“活动”结点的活动性必需保证，比方螺栓不能拧得太紧等。
(42) the activity of the "movable" node must be guaranteed, for example, the bolt cannot be screwed too tight.
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